The Unified Theory of Aging-Nitric Oxide

ATP Energy Production is Linked to Nitric Oxide- The Importance for Sexual and Exercise

 

Nathan Bryan, MD

 

The reproduction and survival of the cell is dependent on efficient mitochondrial production of ATP energy. The efficiency of the mitochondria equates to the state of health and rate of aging. In fact, it has been asserted that all existing theories of aging are really secondary to one primary unifying explanation: a decrease in cellular ATP energy production in the mitochondria. Currently, increasing environmental pollution and disconcerting dietary / lifestyle influences are negatively impacting the mitochondria. But how can physicians positively and immediately influence these vital organelles that control their patients’ well-being? One primary way is to restore optimal levels of nitric oxide (N- 0). Nitric oxide is a critical cell signaling molecule that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis as well as mitochondrial energy production.

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https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2018/10/02/Nitric-oxide-is-key-to-kingdom-of-healthy-aging-scientist-argues

　

　

Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in gene regulation, cell death and cell survival

 

Author links open overlay panelKlaus-DietrichKrönckeKarinFehselChristophSuschekVictoriaKolb-Bachofen

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https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00087-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Studies from many laboratories have demonstrated the complex role of NO in inflammatory processes. Prolonged exposure to NO shifts the cellular redox potential to a more oxidized state and this is critically regulated by intracellular levels of reduced glutathione. NO-mediated stress will alter gene expression patterns, and the number of genes known to be involved is steadily increasing. Indeed, due to its S-nitrosating activity in the presence of oxygen, NO can modify the activity of transcription factors containing zinc finger motifs or cysteines within the DNA-binding domain. In addition, we are faced with not only NO acting as a powerful inducer of apoptosis or of necrosis in some cells, but also representing an equally powerful protection from cell death in many instances. Some of these apparent discrepancies may be explained by different capacities of cells to cope with the stress of NO exposure. Here, we review our findings on the complex impact of NO on transcriptional regulation of genes, cell death and cell survival. These NO-mediated actions will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme activity during inflammatory reactions.

 

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Keywords

ApoptosisDiabetesGlutathioneNitric oxideTranscriptionUV-irradiation

Abbreviations

BSO, l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximBCNU, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosoureaDETA/NO, ((Z-1-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolateEC, endothelial cellsGR, glutathione reductaseGSH, reduced glutathioneGSNO, S-nitrosoglutathioneGSSG, oxidized glutathioneγGCS, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetaseHUDEC, human dermal endothelial cellsiNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthasePARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymeraseROI, reactive oxygen intermediatesRXR, retinoic X receptorSNOC, S-nitrosocysteineSNAP, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamineVDR, vitamin D3 receptorVDRE, vitamin D3 responsive element

 

Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in gene regulation, cell death and cell survival - ScienceDirect  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156757690100087X

　

Cardiol Res Pract. 2013; 2013

Effects of Dietary Nitrates on Systemic and Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics

Vernon Bond, Jr., 1 Bryan H. Curry, 2 Richard G. Adams, 2 M. Sadegh Asadi, 3 Richard M. Millis, 4 ,* and Georges E. Haddad 4

Abstract
Cerebral blood flow dysregulation is often associated with hypertension. We hypothesized that a beetroot juice (BRJ) treatment could decrease blood pressure and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). We subjected 12 healthy females to control and BRJ treatments. Cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), total vascular resistance (TVR), and the heart rate-systolic pressure product (RPP) measured at rest and at two exercise workloads were lower after the BRJ treatment. CVRI, SBP, and RPP were lower without a lower TVR at the highest exercise level. These findings suggest improved systemic and cerebral hemodynamics that could translate into a dietary treatment for hypertension.

Conclusions
In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that a dietary nitrate treatment with beetroot juice, which increased the plasma nitric oxide concentration quite significantly, decreased a Doppler ultrasonographic measure of middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity and a physiologically computed index of cerebrovascular resistance. This beetroot juice treatment-related change in cerebrovascular resistance index was associated with decrements in systolic blood pressure and the rate-pressure product index of myocardial oxygen demand. Because the plasma nitric oxide concentration was not correlated with any of these variables, the plasma nitric oxide level may be a biochemical marker rather than a direct causative agent for these findings. The findings of this study suggest that the physiological mechanisms underlying dietary nitrate-induced improvements in systemic and cerebral vascular hemodynamics may be somewhat workload dependent. The hemodynamic improvements associated with the beetroot juice treatment appear to be consistent with counteracting some of the pathophysiologic cerebral vascular features of hypertension, Alzheimer's, and other diseases associated with brain hypoperfusion and cognitive deficits.

　

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3886243/