耐力运动训练对血液流变学的影响~增加血浆容量和身体水分储备

Effects of Exercise and Training on Blood Rheology

这个研究发现的启发：

1. 为什么经常久坐不动的人 开始运动要循序渐进，否则容易诱发心血管意外；

2. 为什么血液粘稠度高的人运动时会出现肌肉剧烈疼痛？因为运动时血粘度进一步上升，肌肉的血氧供应不能同步增加，只能通过无氧代谢产能，乳酸迅速增加导致“乳酸烧灼”；

3. 身体有不可思议的智慧和巨大的适应能力，这是耐力运动员血浆容积增加，从而降低血流阻力和提高血氧供应效率。

英国利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学人类科学学院运动与运动科学研究所
运动对血液流变学特性的影响一直没有得到广泛的研究。最近，有限的证据表明，全血和血浆粘度随着各种运动方式的响应而增加。全血粘度的增加主要是由于血细胞比容和血浆粘度的增加，而红细胞的变形性和聚集性没有改变。血浆粘度和血细胞比容的增加被认为是由运动引起的血液浓度增加引起的，这是血液流动到细胞外液的结果。

　

虽然耐力训练对血液流变学的长期影响已经被非常简单地检验过，但训练的确切影响还没有被确定。然而，现有的横断面和纵向研究表明，耐力运动员的血液稀释度更高，这是由于训练造成的血浆容量增加。有人认为，耐力训练的血液稀释作用可能有利于向运动肌肉输送氧气，因为对血液流动的阻力降低。血浆容量的增加也可能有助于身体水分的储量和帮助抵消脱水。力量训练对血液流变学的影响尚不清楚

　

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关键字
剪切速率 耐力训练 血液粘度

Effects of Exercise and Training on Blood Rheology

Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolEngland

The effects of exercise on the rheological properties of blood have not received much research attention. Recent, limited evidence indicates that the viscosities of whole blood and plasma increase in response to a variety of exercise protocols. The increase in whole blood viscosity is mainly attributed to an increase in haematocrit and plasma viscosity, whereas the deformability and aggregability of red blood cells remain unaltered. The increases in plasma viscosity and haematocrit have been ascribed to exercise-induced haemoconcentration as a result of fluid transfer from the blood to the interstitial spaces.

Although the long term effects of endurance training on blood rheology have been very briefly examined, the exact effect of training has not as yet been determined. However, available cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that the blood of endurance athletes is more dilute and this has been attributed to an expansion of plasma volume as a result of training. It has been suggested that this blood dilutional effect of endurance training may be advantageous in delivering oxygen to the exercising muscles because of a reduced resistance to blood flow. The increase in plasma volume may also contribute to the body water pool and help offset dehydration. The influence of strength and power training on blood rheology is not known.

Keywords:Shear Rate Adis International Limited Endurance Training Blood Viscosity

https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-199826050-00001