保持血管年轻态的一氧化氮?它是如何工作的?

What is nitric oxide and how does it work?

　

 

它对健美运动员、心脏健康和性健康的影响

by Jason Clark, BSc, MSc

 

什么是一氧化氮?它是如何工作的?

有些人认为是气体让我们在牙科诊所笑。一些人认为这是赛车手用来加速汽车的燃料。但它既不是。一氧化氮是一种分子，我们的身体产生它的50万亿个细胞，通过传递信号到整个身体来互相交流。

 

一氧化氮在以下细胞活动中发挥重要作用:

通过在大脑神经细胞之间传递信息来帮助记忆和行为

帮助免疫系统抵抗细菌和抵抗肿瘤

通过扩张动脉来调节血压

　

　

减少炎症

改善睡眠质量

增加你对感官(如嗅觉)的认识

增加耐力，增强胃动力

在过去的20年里，有超过60000项关于一氧化氮的研究。1998年，三位科学家获得了诺贝尔医学奖，他们发现了一氧化氮的信号作用。

 

一氧化氮和心脏病

一氧化氮因其对心血管的益处而备受关注。100多年前，诺贝尔医学奖的创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔(Alfred Nobel)的医生给他开了硝化甘油，用于治疗心脏病。他对此表示怀疑，因为他知道炸药中使用了硝化甘油，但这种化学物质对他的心脏有帮助。他不知道硝化甘油的作用是通过释放一氧化氮来放松狭窄的血管，增加氧气和血流。

 

动脉内表面(内皮)产生一氧化氮。当动脉粥样硬化斑块形成时，你产生一氧化氮的能力就会降低，这就是为什么医生会给心脏病和中风患者开硝化甘油。

　

　

 

一氧化氮和勃起功能障碍

伟哥和其他阳痿药物的作用是由于它们对一氧化氮途径的作用。阳痿的一个原因是不健康和老化的动脉，为性器官供血。伟哥的作用是通过影响一氧化氮途径中的酶，引起一系列的酶反应来增强一氧化氮，引起更多的血流量和更好的勃起。

 

如何在体内增加一氧化氮

增加一氧化氮最常见的方法是通过运动。当你跑步或举重时，你的肌肉需要更多由血液提供的氧气。当心脏以更大的压力向肌肉输送血液时，动脉内壁会向血液中释放一氧化氮，从而使血管壁放松并变宽，允许更多的血液通过。

 

随着年龄的增长，我们的血管和一氧化氮系统会因为自由基的破坏、缺乏活动和不良饮食而变得低效，导致静脉和动脉恶化。想象一下消防水管，当水冲过水管去灭火时——它需要足够的膨胀来承受压力，同时保持足够的力量去灭火。运动员和青少年有最理想的一氧化氮系统，反映他们的能量和弹性。

图1增加一氧化氮的另一种方法是通过饮食，最明显的是通过摄入氨基酸l -精氨酸和l -瓜氨酸。精氨酸可以在坚果、水果、肉类和奶制品中找到，直接在细胞内产生一氧化氮和瓜氨酸(图1)。将精氨酸转化为瓜氨酸的酶，以及将瓜氨酸转化为精氨酸的酶，需要优化功能，才能有效地生产一氧化氮。

 

我们可以通过食用健康食品和抗氧化剂来保护这些酶和一氧化氮，比如水果、大蒜、大豆、维生素C和E、Co-Q10和-脂酸，让你产生更多的一氧化氮。一氧化氮在体内仅能维持几秒钟，所以我们提供的抗氧化保护越多，它就越稳定，持续时间也就越长。医生们利用这一科学原理，在支架上涂上能产生一氧化氮的药物。

　

 

用于运动员和健美运动员的一氧化氮

增加一氧化氮已成为运动员和健美运动员的新秘密武器。运动员们正在服用l -精氨酸和l -瓜氨酸的补充剂，以支持血液和氧气流向骨骼肌。他们还使用它们来帮助消除运动引起的乳酸堆积，从而减少疲劳和恢复时间。由于精氨酸水平在运动中耗尽，整个精氨酸-一氧化氮-瓜氨酸循环会失去效率，导致不理想的一氧化氮水平和较高的乳酸水平。营养补充剂可以帮助恢复这个循环，让更好的锻炼和更快的恢复。

 

由于衰老、缺乏运动、吸烟、高胆固醇、高脂肪饮食以及缺乏健康食品，一氧化氮缺乏，内分泌代谢紊乱。

　

　

 

常见产生一氧化氮的食物包括甜菜根、芹菜籽、大蒜、亚麻籽、虾、黑巧克力、西瓜等。

 

 

 

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What is nitric oxide and how does it work?

Its impact on bodybuilders, heart health and erectile health

by Jason Clark, BSc, MSc

What is nitric oxide and how does it work?

Some people think it's the gas that makes us laugh at the dentist office. Some think it's the fuel racecar drivers use to speed up their cars. But it's neither. Nitric oxide is a molecule that our body produces to help its 50 trillion cells communicate with each other by transmitting signals throughout the entire body.

 

 

Nitric oxide has been shown to be important in the following cellular activities:

 

Help memory and behavior by transmitting information between nerve cells in the brain

Assist the immune system at fighting off bacteria and defending against tumors

Regulate blood pressure by dilating arteries

Reduce inflammation

Improve sleep quality

Increase your recognition of sense (i.e. smell)

Increase endurance and strengthAssist in gastric motility

There have been over 60,000 studies done on nitric oxide in the last 20 years and in 1998, The Nobel Prize for Medicine was given to three scientists that discovered the signaling role of nitric oxide.

 

Nitric oxide and heart disease

Nitric oxide has gotten the most attention due to its cardiovascular benefits. Alfred Nobel, the founder of the Nobel Prize, was prescribed nitroglycerin over 100 years ago by his doctor to help with his heart problems. He was skeptical, knowing nitroglycerin was used in dynamite, but this chemical helped with his heart condition. Little did he know nitroglycerin acts by releasing nitric oxide which relaxes narrowed blood vessels, increasing oxygen and blood flow.

 

The interior surface (endothelium) of your arteries produce nitric oxide. When plaque builds up in your arteries, called atherosclerosis, you reduce your capacity to produce nitric oxide, which is why physicians prescribe nitroglycerin for heart and stroke patients.

 

Nitric oxide and erectile dysfunction

Viagra and other impotence medications work due to their action on the nitric oxide pathway. One cause of impotence is unhealthy and aged arteries that feed blood to the sexual organs. Viagra works by influencing enzymes in the nitric oxide pathway, causing a cascade of enzymatic reactions that enhance nitric oxide, causing more blood flow and better erections.

 

How to increase nitric oxide in your body

The most common way to increase nitric oxide is through exercise. When you run or lift weights, your muscles need more oxygen which is supplied by the blood. As the heart pumps with more pressure to supply the muscles with blood, the lining in your arteries releases nitric oxide into the blood, which relaxes and widens the vessel wall, allowing for more blood to pass though. As we age, our blood vessels and nitric oxide system become less efficient due to free radical damage, inactivity, and poor diet, causing our veins and arteries to deteriorate. Think of a fire hose as water rushes through it to put out a fire - it needs to expand enough to handle the pressure, still keeping enough force to put out the fire. Athletes and youth have the most optimal nitric oxide systems, reflecting their energy and resilience.

 

Diagram 1 Another way to increase nitric oxide is through diet, most notably by consuming the amino acids L-arginine and L-citrulline. Arginine, which can be found in nuts, fruits, meats and dairy, and directly creates nitric oxide and citrulline inside the cell (diagram 1). Citrulline is then recycled back into arginine, making even more nitric oxide. Enzymes that convert arginine to citrulline, and citrulline to arginine need to function optimally for efficient nitric oxide production. We can protect those enzymes and nitric oxide by consuming healthy foods and antioxidants, like fruit, garlic, soy, vitamins C and E, Co-Q10, and alpha lipoic acid, allowing you to produce more nitric oxide. Nitric oxide only lasts a few seconds in the body, so the more antioxidant protection we provide, the more stable it will be and the longer it will last. Doctors are utilizing this science by coating stents (mesh tubes that prop open arteries after surgery) with drugs that produce nitric oxide.

 

Nitric oxide for athletes and bodybuilders

Increasing nitric oxide has become the new secret weapon for athletes and bodybuilders. Athletes are now taking supplements with L-arginine and L-citrulline to support the flow of blood and oxygen to the skeletal muscle. They also use them to facilitate the removal of exercise-induced lactic acid build-up which reduces fatigue and recovery time. Since arginine levels become depleted during exercise, the entire arginine-nitric oxide - citrulline loop can lose efficiency, causing less-than-ideal nitric oxide levels and higher lactate levels. Supplements can help restore this loop allowing for better workouts and faster recovery from workouts.

 

With nitric oxide deficiencies due to aging, inactivity, smoking, high cholesterol, fatty diets, and lack of healthy foods, increasing your nitric oxide levels can help increase your energy, vitality and overall wellness. The basic adage of eating well and staying active all makes sense now.

 

WARNING: If you have an existing heart condition or abnormal blood pressure, please consult your healthcare professional before taking supplements to increase nitric oxide levels.

 

References

1. Shinde UA, Mehta AA, Goyal RK. Nitric Oxide: a molecule of the millennium. Indian J Exp Biol 2000 Mar;38(3):201-10.

2. Furchgott RF, Ignarro LJ, Murad F. Discover concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology 1998.

3. Guoyao W, Meininger CJ. Arginine Nutrition and Cardiovascular Function. J Nutr.2000;130: 2626-2629

4. Seidler M, Uckert S, Waldkirch E, Stief CG, Oelke M, Tsikas D, Sohn M, Jonas U. In vitro effects of a novel class of nitric oxide (NO) donating compounds on isolated human erectile tissue. Eur Urol. 2002 Nov;42(5):523-8

5. Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Salvetti G, Bernini G, Magagna A, Salvetti A. Age-related reduction of NO availability and oxidative stress in humans. Hypertension. 2001 Aug;38(2):274-9.

6. Guoyao WU, Morris SM. Arginine Metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J 1998; 336:1-17

7. Tomasian D, Keaney JF, Vita JA Antioxidants and the bioactivity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Cardiovasc Res. 2000 Aug 18;47(3):426-35.

8. Wollin SD, Jones PJ. Alpha-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3327-30 Guoyao W, Meininger CJ. Arginine Nutrition and Cardiovascular Function. J Nutr.2000;130: 2626-2629

9. Elam RP, et al. Effects of Arginine and Ornithine on Strength, Lean Body Mass and Urinary Hydroxyproline in Adult Males. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. Mar1989;29(1):52-56.

 

https://www.nutritionexpress.com/showarticle.aspx?articleid=286