低剂量的阿司匹林可以降低五分之一的乳腺癌风险

Low-dose aspirin may cut breast cancer risk by a fifth

　

 

发表于2017年5月2日星期二

一项最新研究表明，每周至少服用三次小剂量阿司匹林，可将女性患乳腺癌的风险降低20%。

 

研究人员发现了低剂量阿司匹林与降低乳腺癌风险之间的联系。

 

该研究的合著者莱斯利·伯恩斯坦博士是加州蒙罗维亚市霍普贝克曼研究所早期检测和预防生物标志物分部的成员，他和他的同事最近在《乳腺癌研究》杂志上发表了他们的研究成果。

 

继皮肤癌之后，乳腺癌是美国女性中最常见的癌症。今年，超过252,000例侵入性乳腺癌的新病例将被诊断出来。

 

先前的研究表明，每日服用阿司匹林可能与降低乳腺癌风险有关。

　

 

然而，伯恩斯坦和他的同事称，很少有研究研究过阿司匹林对某些乳腺癌亚型风险的影响，目前还不清楚低剂量阿司匹林或“婴儿”阿司匹林是否能预防乳腺癌。

 

有鉴于此,研究人员着手确定低剂量的阿司匹林的效果——定义为81毫克的剂量——整体患乳腺癌的风险,以及它对乳腺癌亚型影响定义为激素受体(HR)状态和人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)表达式。

 

激素受体状况是乳腺癌细胞是否含有雌激素或孕激素的受体。例如，拥有雌激素受体的乳腺癌细胞被认为是雌激素受体阳性(ER阳性)。

 

HER2状态是指乳腺癌细胞是否含有过多的HER2受体，从而促进乳腺癌的生长。

 

HR阳性/ HER阴性乳腺癌风险降低20%

研究人员分析了参与加州教师研究的57164名女性的数据，得出了他们的发现。

在2005年，参与者完成了一份问卷，详细描述了他们使用阿司匹林和其他非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)的情况。

 

到2013年1月，有1457名妇女患上了浸润性乳腺癌。这些病例中，998例为HR阳性/ HER -阴性，138例为HR阴性/ HER -阴性，120例为HR阳性/ HER -阳性，44例为HR -阴性/ HER -阳性。剩下的157名女性的HR和HER2状况数据也没有。

 

总的来说，研究人员发现，每周至少三次使用低剂量阿司匹林的女性患乳腺癌的几率要低16%，而服用低剂量阿司匹林的女性则较少。

 

通过对乳腺癌亚型的研究，研究小组发现，每周至少服用三次低剂量阿司匹林的女性罹患HR阳性/ HER2阴性乳腺癌的风险要低20%。

 

研究小组报告说，使用其他非甾体抗炎药与患乳腺癌的风险之间没有联系。

“我们也没有发现与常规阿司匹林有关联，因为这种药物偶尔用于头痛或其他疼痛，而不是每天用于预防心血管疾病，”来自加州癌症预防研究所的主要作者Christina A. Clarke博士指出。

 

他们的发现在考虑了许多可能的混杂因素后，包括激素疗法的使用和乳腺癌家族史。

　

 

我们的数据是有趣的

这项研究并不是为了确定低剂量阿司匹林可能降低乳腺癌风险的机制，但研究人员推测可能是由于该药的抗炎作用。

 

此外，研究小组注意到芳香化酶抑制剂被用于治疗HR阳性乳腺癌。由于阿司匹林是一种弱芳香化酶抑制剂，这可能在一定程度上解释了它对HR阳性乳腺癌的保护作用。

 

总的来说，研究人员相信他们的发现表明低剂量的阿司匹林对于预防乳腺癌是有效的，但是他们强调在提出建议之前还需要进一步的研究。

　

 

研究者们得出这样的结论:

“关于低剂量阿司匹林在乳腺癌预防中的作用，我们的数据令人感兴趣，但这个问题应该在乳腺癌发病率较高的人群中重新讨论，在这些人群中，HR和HER2的情况也被记录下来。”

 

Low-dose aspirin may cut breast cancer risk by a fifth

　

Published      Tuesday 2 May 2017 By Honor Whiteman

Taking low-dose aspirin at least three times per week may reduce women's risk of breast cancer by up to 20 percent, a new study suggests.

[Aspirin]

Researchers have found a link between low-dose aspirin and reduced risk of breast cancer.

Study co-author Leslie Bernstein, Ph.D., of the Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention at the City of Hope Beckman Research Institute in Monrovia, CA, and colleagues recently reported their findings in the journal Breast Cancer Research.

 

After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States. This year, more than 252,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed.

 

Previous research has suggested that there may be a link between daily aspirin use and lower risk of breast cancer.

 

However, according to Bernstein and colleagues, few studies have investigated the effects of aspirin use on the risk of certain breast cancer subtypes, and it has been unclear as to whether low-dose aspirin, or "baby" aspirin, protects against breast cancer.

 

With this in mind, the researchers set out to determine the effects of low-dose aspirin - defined as a dose of 81 milligrams - on the risk of breast cancer overall, as well as its effects on breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptor (HR) status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression.

 

HR status is whether or not the breast cancer cells contain receptors for the hormones estrogen or progesterone. For example, breast cancer cells that possess receptors for estrogen would be deemed estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive).

 

HER2 status is whether or not breast cancer cells contains too many HER2 receptors, which can fuel breast cancer growth.

 

 

HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer risk cut by 20 percent

The researchers came to their findings by analyzing the data of 57,164 women who were part of the California's Teachers Study, which has monitored the health of more than 133,000 teachers and administrators in California since 1995.

 

In 2005, the participants completed questionnaires detailing their use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

 

By January 2013, 1,457 women had developed invasive breast cancer. Of these cases, 998 were HR-positive/HER2-negative, 138 were HR-negative/HER2-negative, 120 were HR-positive/HER2-positive, and 44 were HR-negative/HER2-positive. Data on HR and HER2 status were missing for the remaining 157 women.

 

Overall, the researchers found that women who reported using low-dose aspirin at least three times weekly were 16 percent less likely to develop breast cancer, compared with women who used low-dose aspirin less frequently.

 

Looking at breast cancer subtypes, the team found that the risk of developing HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer was 20 percent lower for women who took low-dose aspirin at least three times per week.

 

No link was found between the use of other NSAIDs and the risk of breast cancer, the team reports.

 

"We also did not find associations with regular aspirin since this type of medication is taken sporadically for headaches or other pain, and not daily for prevention of cardiovascular disease," notes lead author Christina A. Clarke, Ph.D., from the Cancer Prevention Institute of California.

 

Their findings remained after accounting for a number of possible confounding factors, including the use of hormone therapy and a family history of breast cancer.

 

 

'Our data are intriguing'

The study was not designed to pinpoint the mechanisms by which low-dose aspirin may lower the risk of breast cancer, but the researchers speculate that it may be down to the drug's anti-inflammatory effects.

 

Additionally, the team notes that aromatase inhibitors are used to treat ER-positive breast cancers. Since aspirin is a weak aromatase inhibitor, this may partly explain its protective effect against HR-positive breast cancers.

 

Overall, the researchers believe that their findings suggest that low-dose aspirin could be effective for the prevention of breast cancer, but they stress that further studies are needed before recommendations can be made.

 

The authors conclude:

 

"Our data are intriguing as regards the role of low-dose aspirin in breast cancer prevention but this question should be revisited in cohorts with larger numbers of incident breast cancers, in which HR and HER2 status are also recorded."

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317248.php?sr