乙肝久治不愈的原因-免疫力低下（免疫缺陷）

Hepatitis B Progression

　

 

乙型肝炎进展

 

乙肝病毒(HBV)进入人体后不久，就会感染肝细胞。为了应对这种感染，免疫系统试图摧毁病毒。肝脏通过增加其制造的酶的数量来参与这场战斗，而这些酶会引起肝脏(肝炎)的炎症。

最初的感染被称为急性乙型肝炎，意思是肝脏的短期炎症。大多数成年人（95~97%）在感染乙肝病毒后的6个月内就能从体内清除乙肝病毒。如果他们清除了病毒，他们就不再被感染，也不能感染其他人。此外，他们现在有乙肝抗体，这将保护他们免受未来的再次感染。

 

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染

慢性乙型肝炎感染意味着免疫系统在感染后6个月内无法清除病毒。换句话说，病毒在被感染后的几个月或几年里继续在人的肝脏中繁殖。这会增加肝脏损伤和肝癌的风险。更重要的是，患有慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的人会将病毒传染给他人。婴儿和儿童的慢性感染风险高于成年人。

 

大多数感染乙型肝炎的成年人在感染的急性期清除病毒。免疫应答受损的人更有可能无法自行清除乙肝病毒，更有可能发展为慢性乙肝感染。例子有:

艾滋病毒携带者

接受器官移植者

接受化疗者

肾病透析的人

任何使用类固醇疗法来抑制免疫系统的人。

 

Soon after the hepatitis B virus (HBV) enters the body, it infects cells in the liver called hepatocytes. In response to this infection, the immune system tries to destroy the virus. The liver participates in this fight by increasing the amount of enzymes it manufactures, which causes inflammation of the liver (hepatitis).

 

The initial infection is known as acute hepatitis B, meaning short-term inflammation of the liver. Most people are able to clear hep B from the body within six months of becoming infected. If they clear it, they are no longer infected, nor can they infect others. Additionally, they now have hepatitis B antibodies, which will protect them from future reinfection.

 

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

A chronic hepatitis B infection means that the immune system is not able to get rid of the virus within six months after infection. In other words, the virus continues to reproduce in the person’s liver for several months or years after infection. This can increase the risk of liver damage and liver cancer. What’s more, someone with chronic HBV infection can transmit the virus to others. The risk of chronic infection is higher in infants and children than it is in adults.

 

Most adults who are infected with hepatitis B clear the virus during the acute phase of the infection. People who have impaired immune responses have a higher risk of not clearing hep B on their own and are more likely to develop chronic HBV infection. Examples are:

People living with HIV

Organ transplant recipients

Those undergoing chemotherapy

People on dialysis for kidney problems

Anyone on steroid therapy to suppress the immune system.

 

https://www.hepmag.com/basics/hepatitis-b-basics/hepatitis-b-progression