为什么糖尿病患者的伤口容易感染并且难以愈合?
除了人类、灵长类和豚鼠外，几乎所有活着的动物体内都含有维生素C。
狗和猫从消化摄取的食物产生葡萄糖再转化为自己的维生素C（抗坏血酸）。人类必须从食物中摄取维生素C，否则会有严重的健康问题。葡萄糖和维生素C之间有一种密切的关系，它对免疫和细胞整体健康有显著的影响。
大多数动物和植物能合成自己的维生素C,这是通过一个生化过程, 依赖4种关键的酶转化葡萄糖为维生素C，在哺乳动物中,葡萄糖是在肝脏从贮存的糖（糖原）转换成维生素C。
人类缺乏L-gulonolactone氧化酶，这是维生素C合成的最后一步至关重要的酶。人类需要大量的维生素C，以建立健康的组织胶原蛋白和促进强大的免疫功能。
当低水平的维生素C出现时，身体会循环利用氧化的维生素C。这个氧化还原循环是由主要的抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽进行的。只要有足够的谷胱甘肽，维生素C氧化还原循环就可以继续。
在20世纪70年代，John Ely博士发现了葡萄糖- 抗坏血酸 -拮抗剂(GAA)理论。葡萄糖和维生素C (抗坏血酸)有非常相似的化学组成。这一理论认为，葡萄糖水平的升高会阻碍维生素C进入细胞。葡萄糖和维生素C都依赖于胰腺激素胰岛素及其信号效应，以进入细胞。
GLUT-1受体 （葡萄糖转运蛋白）
白细胞膜上有一种重要的受体叫做Glut-1受体，它能被胰岛素激活，使葡萄糖和维生素C进入细胞。然而，葡萄糖对胰岛素受体有更强的亲和力。这意味着血循环中血糖含量越高，进入细胞的维生素C就越少。
白细胞的胰岛素泵（胰岛素受体）比其他任何类型的细胞都多，并且可能含有20倍于其他细胞的维生素C。白细胞内的维生素C含量也要比血浆中的维生素C多50倍，以处理当它们遇到致病物质时产生的氧化应激。
高血糖会抑制白细胞的吞噬能力
当白细胞遇到致病性细菌和病毒时，它们必须 摄入或吞噬这些生物，以便杀死它们。吞噬指数衡量一个特定的白细胞在破坏病毒、细菌和癌细胞上的有效性。高血糖会损害这个吞噬细胞的指数。事实上，每一百毫升120毫克的血糖 水平就使吞噬指数降低75%。
葡萄糖和抗坏血酸也可以作用于一磷酸己糖(HMP)的之路。HMP是一种产生NADPH的生化途径。白细胞需要NADPH来产生超氧化物和其他活性氧，氧化和破坏病原体。维生素C不仅能帮助产生NADPH，还能调节数量，使白细胞在保护身体的过程中不会产生过多的氧化应激。
维生素C激活这一重要的分流，而葡萄糖抑制它。这一HMP之路也产生核糖和脱氧核糖，这为新的白细胞RNA/DNA的形成提供重要的原料。当免疫系统受到攻击时，它需要快速产生新的免疫细胞。如果血糖高到足以关闭HMP分流，它将会减少RNA/DNA的数量和新的免疫细胞的数量。
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参考文献：
葡萄糖和维生素C之间的关系在健康中扮演着重要的角色
The relationship between glucose and vitamin C plays a huge role in health
http://www.internetwks.com/owen/gaa.html
http://www.heilkunst.com/drugs11.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15578707
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-..。
http://www.newswithviews.com/Howenstine/jame..。
关于作者:
David Jockers博士是MAXIMIZED LIVING组织的医生，他在乔治亚州的Kennesaw拥有和经营EXODUS健康中心，在那里他专门从事功能性营养、功能性药物和矫正脊椎治疗，以了解主要的健康问题的潜在原因。
他的网站上有很多关于自然健康和难以置信的食谱的文章。他是畅销书《你的大脑》一书的作者——这本书是彻底改善你的情绪、记忆和心态的完整指南。他在他的社交媒体和电子邮件通讯上拥有超过5万名活跃的追随者，在原始的健康运动中是一个重要的影响者。
Jockers也可以进行远程咨询和健康指导，帮助你战胜疾病并达到你的健康目标。需要更多的信息, 可访问：
https://www.naturalnews.com/034185_glucose_vitamin_C.html
The relationship between glucose and vitamin C plays a huge role in health
Vitamin C is made naturally in almost all living animals except humans, primates and guinea pigs. Dogs and cats produce their own vitamin C from ingested food that have metabolized into glucose. Humans must consume vitamin C from its food sources, or they risk severe health problems. There is an intimate relationship between glucose and vitamin C that has a dramatic impact on immunity and overall cellular health.
Most animals and plants are able to synthesize their own vitamin C. This is done through a biochemical pathway that depends on 4 key enzymes which convert glucose to vitamin C. In mammals, the glucose is extracted from stored sugar (glycogen) and the transformation into vitamin C is produced in the liver.
Humans lack the L-gulonolactone oxidase enzyme that is critical for the last step of vitamin C synthesis. Humans require a good amount of vitamin C in order to build healthy tissue collagen and promote strong immune function.
When low levels of vitamin C are present, the body makes due by recycling the oxidized version of vitamin C. This redox cycling is performed by the master anti-oxidant glutathione. As long as enough glutathione is present, the vitamin C redox cycle can continue.
In the 1970's, Dr. John Ely discovered the Glucose-Ascorbate-Antagonism (GAA) theory. Glucose and vitamin C (ascorbate) have a very similar chemical makeup. This theory proposes that elevated glucose levels compete and effectively restrict vitamin C from entering cells. Both glucose and vitamin C depend upon the pancreatic hormone insulin and its signaling effects in order to get into cells.
The GLUT-1 Receptor
There is an important receptor called the Glut-1 receptor that activates in response to insulin to allow both glucose and vitamin C to enter the cell. However, glucose has a greater affinity for the insulin receptor. This means that the greater the content of circulating blood sugar the less vitamin C will enter the cell.
White blood cells have more insulin pumps than any other type of cell and may contain 20 times the amount of vitamin C as other cells. They also need 50 times more vitamin C inside the cell than in the blood plasma in order to handle the oxidative stress that occurs when they encounter a pathogenic substance.
Elevated Blood Sugar Hinders Phagocytic Ability
When white blood cells encounter pathogenic bacteria and viruses, they must ingest or phagocytize these organisms in order to neutralize them. The phagocytic index measures how effective a particular white blood cell is at destroying viruses, bacteria & cancer cells. Elevated blood sugar impairs this phagocytic index. In fact, a blood sugar of 120 reduces the phagocytic index by 75%.
Glucose and ascorbic acid also work on the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt. The HMP is a biochemical pathway that produces NADPH. White blood cells need NADPH to create superoxide and other reactive oxygen species that oxidize and destroy pathogens. Vitamin C not only helps produce NADPH, but also regulates quantities so the white blood cell does not create too much oxidative stress in its attempt to protect the body.
Vitamin C activates this important shunt while glucose inhibits it. This HMP shunt also produces ribose and deoxyribose, which provide important raw materials for the formation of new white blood cell RNA/DNA. When the immune system is under attack, it needs to quickly produce new immune cells. If blood sugar is high enough to turn off the HMP shunt, it will reduce the quantity of RNA/DNA and the amount of new immune cells formed.
Sources for This Article Include
http://www.internetwks.com/owen/gaa.html
http://www.heilkunst.com/drugs11.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15578707
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-...
http://www.newswithviews.com/Howenstine/jame...
About the author:
Dr David Jockers is a Maximized Living doctor and owns and operates Exodus Health Center in Kennesaw, Georgia where he specializes in functional nutrition, functional medicine and corrective chiropractic care to get to the underlying cause of major health problems.
His website features great articles on natural health and incredible recipes. He is the author of the best-selling book SuperCharge Your Brain - the complete guide to radically improve your mood, memory and mindset. He has over 50,000 active followers on his social media and email newsletter and is a big influencer in the Primal Health movement.
Dr. Jockers is also available for long distance consultations and health coaching to help you beat disease and reach your health goals. For more information got to
https://www.naturalnews.com/034185_glucose_vitamin_C.html
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